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Album Quilt 1851

This quilt has never been on any quilt exhibit because it is fragile in nature, and its story begins with Abner and Lucy Wilcox’s missionary generation fading; their sons came of age during a period of rapid economic change in Hawaiʻi. Educated at Punahou School and later on the mainland, the Wilcox boys were encouraged to blend Hawaiian practices with Western methods. Their paths diverged—Charles Hart settled in California and Edward Payson in Connecticut, while George Norton, Albert Spencer, William Luther, Samuel Whitney, and Henry Harrison remained in Hawaiʻi, becoming part of agricultural success, the Hawaiian Monarchy, and sugar plantation culture.

George Wilcox later recalled studying at Punahou and completing two years at Yale’s Sheffield Scientific School before returning to Kauaʻi. He worked for Judge Widemann at Grove Farm as a luna, surveying and laying out an irrigation ditch to support cane cultivation. After completing the project, he returned to Hanalei to partner with his brother Albert in planting cane near their childhood home at Waiʻoli.

During a trip to New England, Abner Wilcox recorded frequent visits with family and friends, noting gifts of food, clothing, and a quilt. After young Albert’s successful corrective surgery in Boston, the family brought home the treasured 1851 Album Quilt—made in Norfolk, Connecticut, by relatives and church members, each contributing a signed square. This is the only surviving American quilt used in the Wilcox household.

In the early 1860s, when the American Board transferred its mission responsibilities to the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, mission lands were divided among remaining missionaries as part of their pensions. Through this process, the Waiʻoli home was deeded to Abner Wilcox. In 1869, Abner and Lucy returned to New England via the new transcontinental railroad, where both contracted malarial fever and died shortly after arriving. They are buried in Colebrook, Connecticut.

Their sons retained the Waiʻoli property, and in 1911 Albert Wilcox purchased it from his brothers while acquiring additional lands in Hanalei for a future summer home. The family’s early years in Hanalei, marked by both hardship and deep community ties, involved raising eight sons in the 1836 mission house built by William P. Alexander. The “Album Quilt” stands today as a rare, tangible link between their New England roots and their life of service in Hawaiʻi.

Minister of the Interior

Presented here for the first time, this document speaks to a position of great responsibility within the Hawaiian Kingdom. The Minister of the Interior served at the heart of government, overseeing the kingdom’s internal affairs while acting as a close advisor to the sovereign during a defining era in Hawaiʻi’s history.

This appointment reflects more than title alone—it signifies a recognition earned through years of service, leadership, and dedication to the well-being of the islands and their people. It stands as a testament to the trust placed in those who helped shape the direction of the kingdom from within.

During the final days of the monarchy and the events surrounding the overthrow, family accounts recall that one of his brothers stood at the palace when the first shot was fired. In a striking twist of fate, the man who fired that first shot bore the same last name, though they shared no blood relation. Her Majesty Queen Liliʻuokalani understood that the opposing force assembled against her—backed by the power of the United States military—was overwhelming. Though her loyal soldiers were willing to lay down their lives, she chose surrender and was put under house arrest to spare her people from devastation. The coup was led by other missionary descendants who had become powerful businessmen seeking to seize the vast, unexploited wealth of Hawaiʻi.

What remains largely unrecorded—found only between the lines of history—is the heartbreak carried by this descendant and his brothers. Bound by loyalty to their Queen yet connected by lineage to those who helped dismantle her kingdom, they retreated to Grove Farm carrying the weight of both worlds. Here, they continued as best they could to honor and perpetuate Native Hawaiian culture while also navigating the emerging plantation society that would shape the islands for generations.

Companion to the Crown

This extraordinary historical document, presented here for the first time, offers a rare glimpse into Hawaiʻi’s layered past. Gifted by King Kalākaua to a direct descendant of Protestant missionaries Abner Wilcox and Lucy Wilcox of the Waiʻoli Mission House, it stands as a meaningful connection between aliʻi leadership and missionary influence during a pivotal time in Hawaiʻi’s history.

The recipient’s name has been intentionally obscured, inviting viewers to look beyond individual identity and instead reflect on the broader legacy shaped by his upbringing—one grounded in faith, disciplined education, and a deep respect for the generosity of Native Hawaiians, who often gave freely even when they had little.

More than a historical artifact, this document reflects how values instilled in one life—shaped by both missionary teachings and Hawaiian compassion—can extend far beyond their origin. From this small corner of Kauaʻi, those influences would carry across generations and geographies, ultimately touching countless lives. It stands as a quiet yet powerful reminder that character, when deeply rooted, can shape history in ways that reach far beyond what we can see.

Missionary Cultural Exhibit – Introduction

The missionary cultural narrative does not begin here at Grove Farm, yet this historic homestead stands as a living testament to the families shaped by that early era. The children of Protestant missionaries later built and stewarded Grove Farm—it traces its roots to the original who journeyed from Connecticut and New York in the early 19th century. Among them were Abner and Lucy Wilcox, dedicated missionary teachers who arrived on Kauaʻi in 1838 and became central figures in the establishment of the Waiʻoli Mission in Hanalei. Sailing from Boston in 1836 under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, they learned the Hawaiian language en route and committed themselves to education, ministry, and service. At Waiʻoli, they taught, raised their family, and supported the Native Hawaiian community through a period of profound transition marked by new technologies, shifting economies, and devastating introduced diseases. Their home—now preserved as the Waiʻoli Mission House—served as both residence and classroom, a place where faith, literacy, and community life intertwined.

This exhibit truly begins at the Waiʻoli Mission House Museum, the original ground zero of the Wilcox family story in Hawaiʻi. We invite you to book a tour and experience the place where this chapter of Kauaʻi’s history first took root. From the conclusion of the Waiʻoli Mission House story emerges the next generation—descendants whose strong religious upbringing, commitment to education, and dedication to service shaped their influential roles across Hawaiʻi. Their legacy continues here at Grove Farm, where the values first nurtured at Waiʻoli found new expression in leadership, stewardship, and community care.